QUERCUS ILEX BALLOTA

Quercus ilex ballota, also known as sweet holm oak, is a long-lived, evergreen Mediterranean tree prized for its dense canopy and sweet acorns. Ideal for dry landscapes and agroforestry systems, it offers drought resistance, ecological value, and low maintenance.

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Descripción

Botanical Name: Quercus ilex subsp. ballota
Common Names: Sweet Holm Oak, Encina de Bellota Dulce, Iberian Oak
Light Requirements: Full sun to partial shade
Soil Requirements: Well-drained soils; tolerates poor, rocky, calcareous, and clay soils
Water Needs: Low; highly drought-tolerant once established
Foliage: Evergreen, leathery dark green leaves with silvery undersides; holly-like when young
Flowers: Small, yellowish catkins in spring; female flowers develop into large, edible acorns
Growth Rate: Slow to moderate


Uses:
Ornamental and Agricultural Tree: Quercus ilex ballota is appreciated for its dense, rounded canopy and longevity. Commonly used in Mediterranean landscapes, silvopastoral systems, and reforestation projects.

Acorn Production: Its large, sweet acorns are prized for feeding Iberian pigs and have been used historically as a food source in rural communities.

Sustainable Landscaping: Perfect for dryland forestry and low-maintenance, climate-resilient plantings in hot, arid regions.


Benefits:
Drought Resistance: Exceptionally well-adapted to arid, Mediterranean climates and poor soils, requiring minimal water once established.

Low Maintenance: Very hardy and long-lived; tolerates heat, drought, wind, and poor soil conditions.

Ecological Value: Supports wildlife by providing shade, shelter, and food. Encourages biodiversity and soil conservation.

Longevity and Structure: Offers enduring shade, architectural form, and cultural value in both natural and cultivated settings.


Quercus ilex ballota is a noble Mediterranean evergreen oak ideal for dry landscapes, traditional agroforestry systems, and biodiversity-focused projects. Its sweet acorns, ecological importance, and structural elegance make it a timeless choice for sustainable planting.

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